Dewey, John (1859–1952)
American philosopher and educator, the founder of the philosophical school
of instrumentalism (or experimentalism)
and the leading promoter of educational reform in the early years of the
20th century. Profoundly influenced by the pragmatism
of William James, Dewey developed a philosophy
in which ideas and concepts were validated by their practicability. He taught
that "learning by doing" should form the basis of educational practice,
though in later life he came to criticize the "progressive" movement in
education, which, in abandoning formal tuition altogether, he felt had misused
his educational theory.
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