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in-vitro fertilization



The fertilization of an ovum outside of the body. One technique is test-tube babies. Doctors remove an egg from a woman's ovary, mix it with human sperm in a glass dish to achieve fertilization. The cell starts to divide and when the embryo has reached the eight-cell stage (72 hours), the cells are implanted in a woman's uterus. Because there is a high failure rate, doctors often implant several eggs so multiple births may result. Scientists have also developed techniques to free the embryo after fertilization for later implanting number. Most countries have strict guidelines for research on human embryos.


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