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Joule's laws
- The heat (Q) produced when an electric current (I) flows through a resistance (R) for a time (t) is given by Q = I 2Rt.
- The internal energy of a given mass of gas is independent of its volume and pressure, being a function of temperature alone. This law applies only to ideal gases (for which it provides a definition of thermodynamic temperature) because in a real gas intermolecular forces would cause changes in the internal energy should a change of volume occur.
Related category
• ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
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