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Paleo news: Latest from the world of fossils



Anchiornis huxleyi
Dinosaur had flamboyant, multi-colored plumage
(Feb 5, 2010)


A study of a 150 million year old dinosaur fossil has revealed it had multi-colored feathers. The research, published in the journal Science, compared the structures which determine colour in living bird feathers with those in the fossil. "This would be a very striking animal if it was alive today," said Yale University's Professor Richard Prum, co-author of the report.

Read more. Source: BBC

Haplocheirus sollers
New dinosaur discovery solves evolutionary bird puzzle
(Feb 2, 2010)


A newly discovered fossil has shed light on why a group of dinosaurs looks like birds, say scientists. Haplocheirus sollers may not be as charismatic as T. rex or as agile as a pterodactyl but it's thought to solve a long standing puzzle. Researchers believe its short arms and large claw show how bird-like dinosaurs evolved independently of birds.

Read more. Source: BBC

Sinosauropteryx
Dinosaur had ginger feathers
(Jan 27, 2010)


Meet Sinosauropteryx, a very spiky little dinosaur. A team of scientists from China and the UK has now revealed that the bristles of this 125 million-year-old dinosaur were in fact ginger-coloured feathers. The researchers say that the diminutive carnivore had a "Mohican" of feathers running along its head and back. It also had a striped tail.

Read more. Source: BBC

alligator skull
Alligators and birds share lung structure and ancestor
(Jan 18, 2010)


Alligators and birds share a breathing mechanism which may have helped their ancestors dominate Earth more than 200 million years ago, scientists say. Research published in the journal Science found that like birds, in alligators air flows in one direction. Birds' lung structure allows them to breathe when flying in low oxygen, or hypoxic, conditions.

Read more. Source: BBC

Pigment-coated ancient shell
Neanderthal 'make-up' discovered
(Jan 9, 2010)


Scientists claim to have the first persuasive evidence that Neanderthals wore "body paint" 50,000 years ago. The team report in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) that shells containing pigment residues were Neanderthal make-up containers. Scientists unearthed the shells at two archaeological sites in the Murcia province of southern Spain.

Read more. Source: BBC

Oldest known quadriped footptints. Image: Per Ahlberg et al
Fossil tracks record 'oldest land-walkers'
(Jan 6, 2010)


The oldest evidence of four-legged animals walking on land has been discovered in southeast Poland. Rocks from a disused quarry record the "footprints" of unknown creatures that lived about 397 million years ago. Scientists tell the journal Nature that the fossil trackways even retain the impressions left by the "toes" on the animals' feet.

Read more. Source: BBC

Sinornithosaurus_skull. Image: National Academy of Sciences
Bird-like dinosaur was 'venomous'
(Dec 22, 2009)


A bird-like dinosaur that prowled an ancient forest 125 million years ago used venom to subdue its prey, according to a new theory. Sinornithosaurus's upper teeth resemble those of "rear-fanged" snakes which bite their prey and channel venom into the wound. The dinosaur probably fed on the abundant birds which inhabited what is now north-east China.

Read more. Source: BBC

Tawa hallae
T.rex 'little cousin' discovered
(Dec 12, 2009)


Researchers have unveiled a new species of dinosaur from the late Triassic period – a small, early relative of T.rex and Velociraptor. The 2m-long dinosaur, named Tawa hallae, was found in a "bone bed" on the Ghost Ranch in New Mexico. The discovery of this early theropod, reported in the journal Science, sheds light on early dinosaur evolution.

Read more. Source: BBC

Reconstruction of the Mediterranean during the megaflood. Image source: R. Pibernat
Ancient Mediterranean flood mystery solved
(Dec 10, 2009)


Research has revealed details of the catastrophic Zanclean flood that refilled the Mediterranean Sea more than five million years ago. The flood occurred when Atlantic waters found their way into the cut-off and desiccated Mediterranean basin. The researchers say that a 200km channel across the Gibraltar strait was carved out by the floodwaters.

Read more. Source: BBC

mammoth
Dung helps reveal why mammoths died out
(Nov 20, 2009)


Mammoth dung has proved to be a source of prehistoric information, helping scientists unravel the mystery of what caused the great mammals to die out. An examination of a fungus that is found in the ancient dung and preserved in lake sediments has helped build a picture of what happened to the beasts. The study sheds light on the ecological consequences of the extinction and the role that humans may have played in it.

Read more. Source: BBC

Aardonyx celestae skull
Missing link dinosaur discovered
(Nov 11, 2009)


Researchers have discovered a fossil skeleton that appears to link the earliest dinosaurs with the large plant-eating sauropods. This could help to bridge an evolutionary gap between the two-legged common ancestors of dinosaurs and the four-legged giants, such as diplodocus. The remarkably complete skeleton shows that the creature was bipedal but occasionally walked on all four legs.

Read more. Source: BBC

Proceratosaurus skull
Oldest T. rex relative identified
(Nov 4, 2009)


Scientists have identified the most ancient fossil relative of the predatory dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex. The new addition to T. rex's clan is known from a 30cm-long skull uncovered during excavations in Gloucestershire in the 1900s. The well-preserved fossil is now held in London's Natural History Museum.

Read more. Source: BBC

oldest known spider web
Spider web confirmed as 'oldest'
(Nov 3, 2009)


Spider webs encased in amber which were discovered on an East Sussex beach have been confirmed by scientists as being the world's oldest on record. The amber, which was found in Bexhill by fossil hunter Jamie Hiscocks and his brother Jonathan, dates back 140 million years to the Cretaceous period. Professor Martin Brasier said they were the earliest webs to be incorporated into the fossil record.

Read more. Source: BBC

Artist's impression of a pliosaur. Credit: Mark Witton
Colossal 'sea monster' unearthed
(Oct 27, 2009)


The fossilized skull of a colossal "sea monster" has been unearthed along the UK's Jurassic Coast. The ferocious predator, which is called a pliosaur, terrorised the oceans 150 million years ago. The skull is 2.4m long, and experts say it could belong to one of the largest pliosaurs ever found: measuring up 16m in length.

Read more. Source: BBC

Afradapsis jaw
Primate fossil 'not an ancestor'
(Oct 21, 2009)


The exceptionally well-preserved fossil primate known as "Ida" is not a missing link as some have claimed, according to an analysis in the journal Nature. The research is the first independent assessment of the claims made in a scientific paper and a television documentary earlier this year. Dr Erik Seiffert says that Ida belonged to a group more closely linked to lemurs than to monkeys, apes or us.

Read more. Source: BBC

Darwinopterus fossil
New flying reptile fossils found
(Oct 14, 2009)


Researchers in China and the UK say they have discovered the fossils of a new type of flying reptile that lived more than 160 million years ago. The find is named Darwinopterus, after famous naturalist Charles Darwin. Experts say it provides the first clear evidence of a controversial type of evolution called modular evolution.

Read more. Source: BBC

Tiny dinosaur footprints. Image: Kyung Soo Kim
Baby dinosaur made tracks as it fled for its life
(Oct 12, 2009)


Only just hatched and new to the world, the little guy who left these prints in the riverbed was probably running for its life. Barely 10 centimeters tall, the hatchling would have been the length of a wren and easy prey for pterosaurs and other hungry dinosaurs.

Read more. Source: New Scientist

Scientists perform an autopsy and DNA analysis on Lyuba, a woolly mammoth
Mammoth remains from the Russian permafrost offer up rich bounty
(Oct 11, 2009)


Some 9,700 years after woolly mammoths became extinct, mysteriously dying out at the end of the last ice age, more mammoth remains are emerging from Russia's thawing permafrost. Russian experts say that the question of why the mammoth died out may shed light on our own prospects of survival in a world gripped by rapid climate change.

Read more. Source: The Guardian

Ardipithecus ramidus
Fossil finds extend human story
(Oct 1, 2009)


An ancient human-like creature that may be a direct ancestor to our species has been described by researchers. The assessment of the 4.4-million-year-old animal called Ardipithecus ramidus is reported in the journal Science. Even if it is not on the direct line to us, it offers new insights into how we evolved from the common ancestor we share with chimps, the team says.

Read more. Source: BBC

Feathered dinosaur fossil
Dinosaurs had 'earliest feathers'
(Sep 24, 2009)


Exceptionally well preserved dinosaur fossils uncovered in north-eastern China display the earliest known feathers. The creatures are all more than 150 million years old. The new finds are indisputably older than Archaeopteryx, the oldest recognised bird discovered in Germany.

Read more. Source: BBC

Skulls of T. Rex and Raptorex kriegsteini
Tiny ancestor is T. rex blueprint
(Sep 17, 2009)


A 3m-long (10ft) dinosaur fossil is a tiny blueprint for Tyrannosaurus rex but lived 60 million years earlier and was 1/90th of the size, say scientists. In the journal Science, Paul Sereno, from the University of Chicago, says the fossil from China displays the same features as T rex but in miniature. The new species, Raptorex kriegsteini, would have weighed around 65kg.

Read more. Source: BBC

Velociraptor
Velociraptor's 'killing' claws were for climbing
(Sep 11, 2009)


According to Jurassic Park, everyone's favourite fleet-footed predators dispatched their prey by disembowelling them with deadly "killing claws". Not so, say palaeontologists who have studied the biomechanics of Velociraptor claws. Instead, the notorious dinosaurs used their claws to cling to prey and to climb trees.

Read more. Source: New Scientist

One of the skulls discovered in Georgia, which are believed to date back 1.8 million years
A skull that rewrites the history of man
(Sep 10, 2009)


The conventional view of human evolution and how early man colonised the world has been thrown into doubt by a series of stunning palaeontological discoveries suggesting that Africa was not the sole cradle of humankind. Scientists have found a handful of ancient human skulls at an archaeological site two hours from the Georgian capital, Tbilisi, that suggest a Eurasian chapter in the long evolutionary story of man.

Read more. Source: The Independent

Cryptomartus hindi. Image credit: Natural History Museum and Imperial College London
Ancient spiders yield 3D secrets
(Aug 5, 2009)


Ancient fossilized, spider-like species have been imaged in 3D using thousands of X-ray scans and imaging software. The two species, Cryptomartus hindi and Eophrynus prestvicii, lived 300 million years ago but are closely related to modern spiders. The 3D images show that C. hindi grasped at prey with its front legs and E. prestivicii had defensive spikes on its back.

Read more. Source: BBC

A burrow photographed from above, showing a cross section, with the entrance on the right side and chamber on the left
Oldest dinosaur burrow discovered
(Jul 10, 2009)


The world's oldest dinosaur burrows have been discovered in Australia. Three separate burrows have been found in all, the biggest 2m long, each built to a similar design and just big enough to hold the body of a small dinosaur. The 106-million-year-old burrows, the first to be found outside of North America, would have been much closer to the South Pole when they were created.

Read more. Source: BBC

hadrosaur
Dinosaur mummy gives up organic material
(Jul 2, 2009)


A mummified dinosaur unearthed in North Dakota may contain traces of 66-million-year old organic material, which could provide vital information about its evolution. The well-preserved fossil of a plant-eating hadrosaur, complete with skin and tendons, was discovered in 1999.

Read more. Source: New Scientist

Limusaurus
New dinosaur gives bird wing clue
(Jun 18, 2009)


A new dinosaur unearthed in western China has shed light on the evolution from dinosaur hands to the wing bones in today's birds. The fossil, from about 160 million years ago, has been named Limusaurus inextricabilis. The find contributes to a debate over how an ancestral hand with five digits evolved to one with three in birds.

Read more. Source: BBC

sauropod
Giant dinosaurs 'held heads high'
(May 27, 2009)


Diplodocus's impressive neck sweeps along the main hall of London's Natural History museum, welcoming its visitors. Now, findings suggest that 150 million years ago the giant may have held its head higher for much of the time. By studying the skeletons of living vertebrates, Mike Taylor, from the University of Portsmouth, and his team, reshaped the dinosaur's resting pose.

Read more. Source: BBC

primate ancestor fossil
Scientists hail stunning fossil
(May 20, 2009)


The beautifully preserved remains of a 47-million-year-old, lemur-like creature have been unveiled in the US. The preservation is so good, it is possible to see the outline of its fur and even traces of its last meal. The fossil, nicknamed Ida, is claimed to be a "missing link" between today's higher primates – monkeys, apes and humans – and more distant relatives.

Read more. Source: BBC

hobbit foot
Hobbits 'are a separate species'
(May 6, 2009)


Scientists have found more evidence that the Indonesian "Hobbit" skeletons belong to a new species of human – and not modern pygmies. The 3ft (one meter) tall, 30kg (65lbs) humans roamed the Indonesian island of Flores, perhaps up to 8,000 years ago. Since the discovery, researchers have argued vehemently as to the identity of these diminutive people.

Read more. Source: BBC

T. rex
Ancestor of T rex found in China
(Apr 22, 2009)


Fossils found in China may give clues to the evolution of Tyrannosaurus rex. Uncovered near the city of Jiayuguan, the fossil finds come from a novel tyrannosaur dubbed Xiongguanlong baimoensis. The fossils date from the middle of the Cretaceous period, and may be a "missing link", tying the familiar big T rex to its much smaller ancestors.

Read more. Source: BBC

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