Avogadro, Amedeo (1776–1856)
Italian physicist and chemist who first realized that gaseous elements
might exist as molecules which contain
more than one atom, thus distinguishing molecules
from atoms. In 1811 he published the hypothesis (now known as Avagadro's
law) – that equal volumes of all gases
under the same conditions of temperature
and pressure contain the same number of
molecules – but his work in this area was ignored by chemists for
50 years. The Avogadro constant,
or Avogadro number, N, is the number of molecules in one mole
of a substance.
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