Charles, Jacque Alexandre César (1746–1823)
French physicist, inventor, and mathematician who, with Nicholas Robert,
made the first ascent in a hydrogen balloon
(1783). He discovered the law relating the expansion
of a gas to its temperature rise. Gay-Lussac
published this work some 15 years after Charles' discovery and it is alternately
known as Charles' law or Gay-Lussac's
law. Charles is credited with inventing a thermometric hydrometer
and improving Fahrenheit's aerometer
and Gravesande's hydrometer.
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