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    cesium (Cs)

    cesium.jpg
    Cesium.
    Justin Urgitis, Wikipedia
    A soft, silvery, ductile, metallic element produced as a by-product of zinc refining. Cesium is one of the alkali metals. It is the most electropositive and alkaline of elements and turns to a liquid at only 28.5 °C. It is used in photoelectric cells, as a catalyst promoter, and to make special glass. The radioisotope cesium-137 is used in radiotherapy. The cesium (atomic) clock provides the standard measure of time: the electron resonance frequency of the cesium atom is exactly 9,192,631,770 cycles per second.

    Cesium was discovered by Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchoff in Heidelberg, Germany in 1860. Its name comes from the Latin caesius meaning "sky blue".


    atomic number 55
    relative atomic mass 132.905
    electronic configuration 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s1
    first ionization energy 376 kJ/mol
    atomic radius 265 pm
    ionic radius 167 pm
    relative density 1.87
    melting point 28.5 °C (83.3 °F)
    boiling point 690 °C (1,274 °F)


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