Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich (1793–1856)
Russian mathematician who was one of the pioneers of non-Euclidean
geometry. He developed, independently of János Bolyai,
the self-consistent system of hyperbolic
geometry in which Euclid's parallel
postulate is replaced by one allowing more than one parallel through
the fixed point. Lobachevsky first announced his system in 1826 and subsequently
wrote several expositions of it, including Geometrical Researches on
the Theory of Parallels (originally published in 1840 in German). Lobachevsky
studied and taught at the new University of Kazan and eventually became
rector of this institution in 1826. However, for some reason, despite serving
his country and university well, he fell from favor and in 1846 was relieved
by the government of his posts as professor and rector.
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