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latitude variation
The small semi-cyclic apparent change in the declinations of stars due to the Chandler wobble and fluctuations in atmospheric refraction. Earth's polar wandering causes a maximum variation of 0.36" (equivalent to a latitude shift of about 10 meters on the ground) in a period of 432 days. Seasonal movements of air masses result in an additional variation of 0.18" ( +/-5 m) in a period of one year.
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