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amine
An organic compound formed by replacing one or more of the hydrogen atoms in the ammonia molecule (NH3) with organic groups. Like ammonia, amines give an alkaline reaction in water. They are, in fact, stronger bases than ammonia – tertiary amines being stronger than secondary amines which are, in turn, stronger than primary amines. Amines react with acids to form salts which are, in some ways, similar to ammonium salts.
All amines react with nitrous acid (dilute hydrochloric acid and sodium nitrate) but the product varies according to the number and type of hydrocarbon units attached to the nitrogen atom in the amine group. If the amino group is attached directly to a hydrocarbon ring and the reaction is carried out at 5 °C or below, a diazonium salt is formed. Diazonium salts are the starting points in the manufacture of azo dyes.
Related category
• ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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