Ehrlich, Paul (1854–1915)
German bacteriologist and immunologist, the founder of chemotherapy and
an early pioneer of hematology. His discoveries
include: a method of staining (1882), and hence identifying, the tuberculosis
bacillus (see also Robert Koch); the
reasons for immunity in terms of the chemistry
of antibodies and antigens,
for which he was awarded (with Metchnikoff) the 1908 Nobel Prize for Physiology
or Medicine; and the use of the drug salvarsan to cure syphilis,
the first drug to be used in treating the root causes of the disease (1911).
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