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evaporite
A sedimentary deposit of salts that have been precipitated from solution owing to the evaporation of a body of water. Evaporite deposits have the least soluble salts at the bottom (calcium salts), followed by the very soluble halite (common salt) and magnesium and potassium salts. Most important commercially are gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O), anhydrite (CaSO4), and halite (NaCl).
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