A region of the vertebrate brain that is derived from the forebrain; it is located on the ventral surface below the thalamus and the cerebrum. The hypothalamus contains several important centers which control body temperature, thirst, hunger, water balance, and sexual function. It is also closely connected with emotional activity and sleep, and functions as a center for the integration of hormonal and autonomic nervous activity through its control of secretions by the pituitary gland.
