Removal of surface material such as occurs in a combustion chamber, or the controlled degradation of the leading surfaces of a spacecraft during atmospheric reentry or passage through a dusty medium in space, such as the tail of a comet. An expendable surface made of ablative material may be used as a coating in a combustion chamber, or on the heat shield of a reentry vehicle. As the ablative material absorbs heat it changes chemical or physical state and sheds mass, thereby carrying the heat away from the rest of the structure. See also reentry thermal protection.