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    alloy

    A composition of a metal with one or more other metals or non-metals. An alloy may be a compound of the metals, a solid solution of them, a heterogeneous mixture, or any combination of these. The resultant physical properties differ from those of the components. In the selected range below 26 elements are involved.


    Name Composition expressed as percentages Properties and uses
    alnico Fe 60, Ni 20, Al 10, Co 10 permanent magnet
    Babbit metal Sn (predominates), Sb, Cu (+Pb) used for bearings, anti-friction metal
    brass Cu with 20–35 Zn decorative
    bronze Cu with 5–8 Sn primitive tools, coinage
    carboloy W2C2 with 10 Cu very hard alloy, grinding tools
    cast iron impure Fe, C up to 4½ with Mn, P, Si, and S traces decorative work, weights
    cupronickel Cu 80, Ni 20 (coinage 25-75) coinage
    delta metal Cu 55–60, Zn c. 40, Fe 2–4 bearings, marine propellers
    dow metal Al, Mg aircraft and car parts
    dental alloy Ag, Sn ground with Hg tooth fillings
    duralim Al 93–95½, Cu 3½–5½, Mn ½–¾, Mg ½–¾ aircraft frames
    Dutch metal Cu with 30–35 Zn bronze in gold leaf form
    E-alloy Al 78, Zn 20, Cu 2; Al 96, Zn 2, Cu 2 castings
    electrum Au with 15–45 Ag coins (ancient times)
    Frary metal Pb 97, Ba 2, Ca 1 bearings
    German metal Cu 56–65, Zn 24–28, Ni 7–20 metal fittings, metal ware (often electroplated)
    gun metal Cu 88, Sn 8–10, Zn 2–4 ordnance
    hiduminium Al with small Cu, Ni, Mg, Si additions aircraft parts
    illium complex of Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mb, Ni, and W acid resistant
    Jae metal Ni 70, Cu 30 shunts on magnetic instruments
    Lipowitz's alloy Bi 50, Pb 27, Sn 13, Cd 10 very low melting point (60°C)
    magnolia metal Pb 80, Sb 15, Sn 5 medium duty bearings
    monel metal Ni 68, Cu 29½, Fe 1¼, resistant to steam corrosion
    Muntz metal, yellow metal Cu 60, Zn 40 resistant to seawater corrosion
    nichrome Ni 60, Fe 20, Cr 20 filament wires
    nickel silver Cu 55–63, Ni 10–30, Zn 7–35 electroplated articles, hence E.P.N.S.
    pewter Sn 80, Pb 20, traces of Sb modern pewter Pb replaced by Sb with some Cu and Bi
    permalloy Ni 77.5, Fe 22.5 (sometimes with traces of Co, Cr, Cu, and Mo) magnetic properties, transformers, submarine cable parts
    phosphorbronze Cu 90, Sn 9½, P ½28 castings, bearings, and rsilient strip
    pinchbeck Cu 89–93, Zn 7–11 imitation gold, jewellery
    "silver" alloy Hg–Sn amalgam "silver" backing for mirrors
    solder Sn½, Pb 33½ plumbing
    speculum Cu 60–70, Sn 30–40 high polish surfaces, plating
    stainless steel Fe 78–86, Cr 12–20, Ni 2 corrosion resistant culinary, sterile vessels, decorative
    steel essentially Fe with C ½–1½ with special purpose additices of Cr, Mn, Mb, Ni, Si, Al, Cu, Co, Ti, W, V multifarious
    stellite Co 43, Cr 43, W 14 et al. surgical and other cutting tools
    tombac Cu 71–90, Zn 10–29 cartridge cases
    type metal Pb 80–86, Sb 11–20, Sn 3–11 lino-, mono-, and stereotype fonts
    white gold Au with Ni platinum substitute
    Woods metal Bi 50, Pb 25, Sn 12½, Cd 12½ low melting point, fire sprinklers
    X-40 Co 55, Cr 25, Ni 9, W 7, C ½, Fe ½, traces of Mn, Si non-creep at high temperatures, gas turbine rotor blades
    Y-alloy Al 93, Cu 4, Ni 2, Mn 1  



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